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An impeller is a rotating component of a centrifugal pump that accelerates fluid outward from the center of rotation, thus transferring energy from the motor that drives the pump to the fluid being pumped.
Impellers have vanes that flow from the center to the outer edge of a circle. As the impeller rotates, it pulls liquid in at the center, or eye, of the impeller, and the spinning vanes create the centrifugal force that pushes the liquid to the outside of the pump casing, and ultimately out the discharge port.
There are three basic impeller designs
Closed Impellers –
They have vanes that are “sandwiched” between two solid, circular plates. The liquid travels through the channels between the impellers and between the plates. This design creates the most efficient flow from the eye to the discharge port. While this is the most common type of impeller, centrifugal pumps with this design are intended for clear liquids.
Semi-open Impellers –
They have vanes that are attached to a single plate, leaving the other side of the impeller exposed to the interior of the pump housing. This design is less efficient than the closed impeller because the liquid is immediately interacting with the rest of the liquid in the pump casing. However, this design is also more forgiving of suspended particles in the liquid and can handle more viscous fluids.
Open Impellers –
Their design, as the name suggests, has vanes open on both sides. Because vanes do not have support on either side, they tend to be weaker. Though they can handle suspended solids, these pumps are smaller and less powerful in order to reduce the frequency of braking vanes. Additionally, due to the open design, the liquid flowing into the pump interacts with the liquid already in the casing, causing this type of centrifugal pump to be the least efficient.
Our company produces various types of impellers. If you have any questions about slurry pump accessories, please feel free to contact us.